Which of the following conditions is associated with visual loss lasting seconds due to papilloedema?

Amaurosis fugax refers to a transient loss of vision, typically in one eye, often described as a "shade" going down over the eye. This condition is associated with temporary obstruction of blood flow, particularly in the retinal artery, and typically results in visual loss that lasts from a few seconds to several minutes. Papilloedema, which is the swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, can accompany conditions that lead to transient ischemic attacks or embolic events affecting the eye, highlighting the connection between these transient visual disturbances and papilloedema.

In contrast, conditions such as retinal detachment often result in more permanent vision loss or specific visual distortions rather than transient episodes. Giant cell arteritis can lead to vision loss but typically presents as a more gradual process rather than brief episodes. The Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) involves significant neurological changes, which can include visual disturbances, but it is not specifically characterized by transient visual loss due to papilloedema. Thus, amaurosis fugax stands out as the condition that specifically correlates with brief episodes of visual loss and is commonly associated with papilloedema.