Which condition can cause papilloedema?

Papilloedema refers to the swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, which can result from various conditions. When considering the options, mass effect is a key factor that leads to papilloedema.

Mass effect can occur due to the presence of a tumor, hematoma, or any other space-occupying lesion in the cranial cavity. This causes the surrounding brain tissue to swell and raises the pressure within the skull. As the intracranial pressure increases, it affects the optic nerve and can lead to the swelling characteristic of papilloedema.

In contrast, increased CSF drainage would generally lower intracranial pressure, which would not lead to papilloedema. Decreased blood pressure can also lead to other complications, but it is not directly associated with the development of papilloedema. Narrow angle glaucoma primarily impacts intraocular pressure and eye health rather than contributing to increased intracranial pressure that affects the optic nerve.