What is the oral medication alternative for patients whose glaucoma is not controlled by eye drops?

Acetazolamide is an oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as an alternative treatment for patients with glaucoma when topical medications such as eye drops are not sufficient to control intraocular pressure (IOP). This medication works by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering IOP. It is particularly useful in cases of angle-closure glaucoma and in certain situations where rapid control of IOP is necessary, such as during a glaucoma attack.

While Timolol, Dorzolamide, and Brimonidine are also effective in managing glaucoma, they are primarily administered topically (as eye drops) rather than orally. Timolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that reduces IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production. Dorzolamide is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, and Brimonidine is an alpha agonist that also lowers IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. However, these medications may not be effective for patients who cannot achieve adequate control with drops due to issues such as poor adherence or severe disease.

In conclusion, for patients whose glaucoma remains uncontrolled with topical therapies, Acetazolamide provides an effective oral alternative, significantly aiding in the management of their condition.