What is the most important inflammatory cause of retinal artery occlusion?

Giant cell arteritis is recognized as the most significant inflammatory cause of retinal artery occlusion due to its association with large vessel vasculitis, which can lead to occlusion of the arterial supply to the retina. This condition primarily affects individuals over the age of 50 and can result in serious complications such as vision loss if not treated promptly. The underlying pathophysiology involves inflammation of the arterial walls, which can lead to thrombosis and subsequent occlusion of the arteries that supply the eye.

In cases where giant cell arteritis is suspected, immediate intervention is crucial. High doses of corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and prevent further vascular complications, including potential blindness. The swift identification and management of this condition are essential for protecting vision, which underscores the critical nature of giant cell arteritis as an inflammatory cause of retinal artery occlusion.

While conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and lupus can contribute to vascular issues and may lead to other types of retinal problems, they do not specifically cause inflammatory occlusion in the same direct manner as giant cell arteritis.