What is pre-proliferative retinopathy characterized by?

Pre-proliferative retinopathy is characterized by significant changes to blood vessels in the retina. During this stage of diabetic retinopathy, the retinal blood vessels undergo alterations that can lead to ischemia, which is a lack of blood supply to the retinal tissue. This can manifest as a variety of issues including cotton wool spots, soft exudates, and increased permeability of blood vessels, often leading to areas of retinal damage.

This stage indicates that the disease is progressing, and if left untreated, it can lead to more severe forms of retinopathy such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, where new, abnormal blood vessels form in the retina. The changes are not minor nor do they represent normal circulation; instead, they signify a critical condition that requires monitoring and potential intervention to prevent vision loss.