What is a recommended technique to minimize systemic side effects of beta-blockers in glaucoma treatment?

Using punctal occlusion is an effective technique to minimize systemic side effects of beta-blockers in the treatment of glaucoma. Punctal occlusion involves blocking the tear ducts after administering eye drops, which helps to prevent the medication from draining away from the eye too quickly and reduces the amount absorbed systemically into the bloodstream. This localized approach enhances the drug’s effect at the site of action while decreasing systemic absorption, thereby lowering the risk of systemic side effects that can occur with beta-blocker medications.

In contrast, administering multiple doses or using higher concentrations of the drug may increase the likelihood of systemic absorption and associated side effects, rather than reduce them. Additionally, switching to oral beta-blockers would not necessarily minimize systemic effects, as oral administration would actually increase systemic absorption compared to topical eye drops.