What is a key sign of meningeal irritation associated with a severe headache?

A key sign of meningeal irritation associated with a severe headache includes both photophobia and a stiff neck. Meningeal irritation typically occurs due to conditions such as meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage, where the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord become inflamed or irritated.

Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, occurs because the inflammation can heighten the sensitivity of the eyes, leading to discomfort in bright environments. This is a classic symptom seen in patients with meningeal irritation, where their ability to tolerate light is significantly impaired.

A stiff neck is another hallmark sign of meningeal irritation. This stiffness arises from the irritation of the meninges affecting the neck muscles and the overall protective reflex mechanisms in response to pain and discomfort. Patients often find it challenging to flex their neck forward or may hold their neck in a rigid position.

Both symptoms together are indicative of meningeal irritation and are often used by healthcare providers as key assessment findings. Thus, recognizing that either symptom alone can signal meningeal irritation reinforces the understanding that these presentations frequently occur in conjunction, highlighting the critical nature of their combination in assessment.